advanced intermediate temperature sodium–nickel chloride batteries with ultra-high energy density - battery energy storage system

Sodium-
Metal halogen batteries are considered to be one of the more attractive technologies for the storage of fixed electrical energy, however, although they are relatively good, they are not used for a wider range of applications
Known redox system
One of the obstacles to market penetration is high
Working temperature.
Here, we have proved that the flat sodium-nickel chloride battery can be used with super
High energy density
Higher specific energy density than traditional tubular sodium-Nickel Chloride Batteries (280u2009°C)
, Flat sodium-nickel chloride battery for long operation at 190 °cTerm cell testing (1,000 cycles)
, Which is attributed to the slower particle growth of cathode materials at lower operating temperatures.
The results reported here show that flat-surface sodium-nickel chloride batteries operating at intermediate temperatures can greatly benefit this traditional energy storage technology by increasing battery energy density, cycle life and reducing material costs.
Detailed methods for the preparation of Ni/nac1 cathode and flat cell assembly procedures have been previously reported.
The cathode material in the discharge state is from 62. 2u2009wt% Ni (
Novamet, Type 255), 34. 2u2009wt% NaCl (Alfa Aesar, 99. 99%)and 3.
6 wt % additives (1. FeS of 6 rwWt %, month.
Aluminum powder 6 wt %, 0.
Nai and month of 5 rwWt %. 9u2009wt% NaF).
Cathode material, fully mixed, with special priceenergy ball-milling method. Then, well-
Transfer the mixed cathode powder to the granulator (Freund TF-Labo)
Make cathode particles.
The second electrolyte NaAlCl was synthesized according to the method we reported earlier.
The ratio of NaAlCl to Ni/nac1 cathode is 0. 5:1.
The specific capacity of the button cell in this work is 157 mahmahg g, regardless of, including the melting quality (NaAlCl).
Button Battery by battery box (Stainless steel)for cathode (
Lining with thin molybdenum film)
Anode side, molybdenum cathode current collector, stainless steel anode current collector, α-alumina (99. 5% purity)
Clamp and plane composite y oxide-
Stable zirconium (YSZ)/ BASE (
Activity Area 3 cuccm)disc.
The schematic diagram of the unit graphic design used in this work is shown.
Base plate with 500-
Using steam phase-made μ m thickness
The conversion process, described briefly as follows, 70% α-alumina (α-
AlO, Almatis A16-SG, >99%)
Powder and sz powder (
8sz, Imerys molten minerals, 5. 4u2009wt% YO)
First mix to the desired volume ratio (7:3)
And then in iso-
N-alcohol to achieve the median particle size (d)