A high performance lithium ion capacitor achieved by the integration of a Sn-C anode and a biomass-derived microporous activated carbon cathode - lithium ion battery manufacturers
Mixing battery and capacitor materials to build lithium ion capacitors (LICs) is considered to bridge high-
Lithium ion and high energy batteries
Super capacitor.
One of the key difficulties in developing advanced LICs is the imbalance of power capability and charge storage capability between anode and cathode.
Here, we integrate the reasonable design of Sn-
Anode with biomass
Derived activated carbon cathode. The Sn-
The C nano-composite obtained through a simple restricted growth strategy has a variety of structural advantages, including good
Restricted Sn nanoparticles, uniform distribution and ultra-
With high N doping levels, a manufacturing anode with high Li storage capacity and excellent rate capability is achieved in synergy.
A new type of biomass
Derivative activated carbon with high surface area and high purity of carbon has also been prepared to achieve high capacity of cathode.
Assembled LIC (Sn-
C/PAC) the device provides a high energy density of 195.
7 kWh kg-1 and 84.
6 whk_kg-1 with a power density of 731.
25 and 24, respectively.
This work is high for design
The performance mixing system is realized by adjusting the nano structure of Li inserted into the anode and ion adsorption cathode.
Carbon matrix of Sn-
The formation of C nano-composite material is composed of aerosol-
Auxiliary spraying process. Typically, pre-
Polymerization pioneer solution containing 5.
044 grams of melamine, 2.
5g of phenol, 20 ml of formaldehyde aqueous solution (37 wt %) and 25g of colloidal silica solution (30-wt%, SNOWTEX-ST-
Nissan Chemical. Inc.
) Is sent by using nitrogen as a nebulizer for carrier gas to form continuous aerosol droplets, followed by a heating furnace at a temperature of 450 °c.
The product has also gone through the 900 °c carbonizing process and washing process (10wt % HF and de-
Ionising water) producing N-
The carbon matrix is rich in pores.
For synthesis of Sn-
Nano-composite material, 60 mg N-
Abundant mesopore carbon is placed in the vial.
Drops Add an aqueous solution containing 50 mg of SnCl and dissolve in 5 mg of ethanol until the Sn content reaches about 40 mg of Weight % relative to the amount of carbon in the composite.
Stir the mixture under vacuum conditions until the ethanol is completely evaporated.
Subsequently, the product is heat treated in a pipe furnace, First 5 ch at 80 °c, then 5 km/h at °c, and the heating rate is 8 in Ar atmosphere
The obtained material is expressed as Sn-C.
In order to prepare grapefruit peel derived activated carbon (PAC), clean the fresh grapefruit peel first, dry it at 12 °c at 80 °c, and then cut into solid powder.
The grapefruit peel after treatment experienced pre-
Carbonize at N flow rate (C for 1 h) and then KOH activation (mass ratio 1: 4) process to obtain PAC samples.
PAC samples with activation temperature of 700, 800 and 900 °c were prepared and characterized.
Therefore, the PAC sample is expressed as PAC-700, PAC-800, PAC-
900 respectively.
Scanning electron microscope (JSM-
7401 µF) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL-
2010) used to study the morphology and microstructure of the prepared samples.
EDS element distribution of Sn-
C composite material is high
Circular dark angle
On-site scanning TEM (HAADF-STM).
The pore structure was determined by N adsorption using ASAP 2020 volumetric adsorption analyzer.
Pore size distribution is the use of Barrett-Joyner-
Halenda (BJH) model. The X-
X-ray diffraction (X-ray diffraction) measurements were examined on the Rigaku D/Max 2400 diffraction by using CuKa radiation (40 kv, 100ma, λ = rw1)5406u2009Ǻ). X-
X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of N-
Using AlKa X-rich carbon framework and PACs are executed on PHI 5700 ESCA system
Thunder of 14 kV and 6 thousand horses.
The Raman spectrum was studied on Renishaw inVia Micro-
Raman spectrometer with wavelength of nm.
Thermal weight analysis of Sn-(TGA)
C is carried out using a thermal weight analyzer (TA instrument) with a heating rate of 8 °c min in the air. Sn-
First, the semi-battery configuration using Li metal foil as the reverse electrode was checked using C and PAC samples as anode and cathode materials.
For manufacturing Sn-
C anode, typical slurry method is used below. Sn-
C. active materials with a mass ratio of 7:1, carbon black and poly-difluoride (poly-difluoride) adhesives. 5:1.
5 dissolve in N-methyl-2-pyrroli-dinone (NMP).
After coating the above slurry on the copper foil, the electrode is vacuum dried at 80 °c for 12 km/h, about 1.
Mass load of active materials. PAC-
The base cathode was prepared by uniformly pouring the slurry consisting of 80 wt % of the active material, 10 wt % of carbon black and 10 wt % of carbon-Poly disodium.
The mass load of active materials is ~ Coated aluminum foil with 3 mg cm.
The electrolyte used in the coin battery is 1 lipm LiPF in ethylene carbonate and methanol carbonate (EC: DEC u2009 = 1 1:1) for optimal capacity and ion conductivity.
Use fiberglass (GF/D) as a separator. The Sn-
The C/PAC hybrid super capacitor is pre-coupled by couplinglithiated Sn-C anode (pre-
Cycle 3 times ~ The stone scraps state at 0 is over.
5 u2009 v) and a fresh PAC electrode.
Mass ratio of PAC to Sn-
C is about 3:1.
All coin batteries are assembled in a glove box with an oxygen content of less than 1ppm ppm.
Electrostatic charging-
Emission test on land ct2000 1a (China) and measurement of CV curve by Bio-BioLogic-
VMP3 workstation
Voltage window of Sn-
The C electrode and the PAC electrode are 0, respectively. 01~3u2009V and 2. 0~4.
5 v vs Li/Li respectively.
EIS studies using Bio-Logic-
VMP3 workstations with a frequency range of 100 khz to 10 mhz with an amplitude of 10 mv.
Calculate the specific capacitance (F g) by the equation listed below: F g = mah g u2009 3.
6/Delta v, where Delta v is the voltage window. For Sn-
C/PAC hybrid super capacitor test with voltage window set to 2. 0~4. 5u2009V;
The current density adopted is normalized to the mass of the active material on the cathode;
Potential energy density and power density of Sn-
C/PAC is calculated according to: p = I/m; Eu2009=u2009Pu2009u2009Δt.
Among them, U u2009 = u2009 (U)/2, U and U are the potentials at the beginning of the discharge and at the end of the discharge, respectively;
I am a constant current;
The discharge time is ΔT;
M is the total mass of the active material on the cathode and the positive pole.