canada solid gold in gravitational wave breakthrough - all in one solar street light

The discovery of a new gravitational wave announced last month is an astronomical breakthrough, as important as any time in history, and Canadians play a vital role.
In fact, a former Canadian astronomers played two key roles.
More than two people.
A dozen scientists from several research centers in Canada
"In terms of observation, the opportunity only favors prepared minds," said Barry Mador, an astronomers at the Carnegie Observatory, who was involved in finding the origin point of gravitational waves in the NGC 4993 galaxy.
Canadian-born Madore began his career as an astronaut in Canada and obtained a doctorate in the field at the University of Toronto (U of T).
What Madore's team found in that galaxy happened when two neutrons hit the other.
The quality of neutron stars is a little more than our sun.
However, all the mass is contained in a tiny diameter compared to our sun.
Therefore, neutron stars are super compact stars with unimaginable density.
When the neutron stars involved here collide, the explosion releases more energy in a second than the energy our sun generates for most of its existence.
The explosion also released a gravitational wave.
Scientists knew right away that the wave was different from the first five waves in two important ways, including the gravitational wave that was first discovered to be the headline in 2016.
First, neutron stars are involved.
All the waves detected before were generated by a collision black hole.
Second, it is also vital that the explosion took place ten times as far away as the Earth.
"When an alert was issued to the LIGO/Virgo gravity wave detection consortium on the evening of August 17, 2017, our team of astronomers did get ready," added Madore . ".
The teams of Barry Mador and Wendy Friedman are astronomers specializing in out-of-the-river research.
Both received their PhD in this field at the University of Toronto, started their career in Canada, and were respected authorities studying our universe, observing cosmology.
Madore, a member of the team of astronomers at the Chilean Swope Observatory, participated in the discovery of the origin of new gravitational waves in the NGC 4993 galaxy.
The astronomers of Swope captured the first one.
The explosion photo originally detected was a gravitational wave. (
Picture by B. Madore)
Because it happened as close as our planet, the light from the explosion was seen in a few seconds, when gamma rays burst out
Two orbital space telescopes detect light.
Discovery of gamma raysRay Burst (GRB)
It is the first coincidence with the discovery of gravitational waves.
Independent observations have yet to confirm other gravitational waves.
For astronomers, the most important thing is that they also multiply their chances of finding the origin of the explosion by photographing the visible glow.
Gravitational waves give distance. The gamma-
The light gives the approximate position of the sky.
Therefore, the observatory in the world and in space has issued a call for astronomical weapons.
Therefore, the largest number of astronomers involved in searching for a single object began to work hard to scan the sky, frantically looking for a cosmic needle in the hay pile outside the river, covering an area of 144 full moons.
"There was one before.
Compiled a list of nearby galaxies, the location and distance of these galaxies from the massive online archive of the NASA/IPAC off-river database (NED)
"Our team quickly locked in the host galaxy of the event," Madore explained . ".
Using Swope, 1-
In the metre diameter telescope at the Las camparas Observatory in Chile, mardor's team became the first team to discover the origin point of gravitational waves.
They found it in the NGC 4993 galaxy, the ninth galaxy on their list, and took the first photo of the explosion.
"There is no doubt that there will be more such incidents;
But this picture taken at Henrietta swop
The m telescope of the Las camparas Observatory in Chile is the first telescope in history. it really ushered in more
"Messenger astronomy," Mador noted.
Swope's team attributed part of their successful discovery to their use of the world's largest galaxy database, which helps to narrow the number of galaxies in the search.
So, in the decades before the discovery, Madore also contributed to the discovery, because he
At the end of 1980, the NED Galaxy database was created at the California Institute of Technology with George herlow and Marion Schmitz.
At that time, Mador and his fellow astronomers and his Toronto men were lured to Pasadena, California --
Born wife Wendy Friedman, also a T-graduate, is now working at the University of Chicago.
At the California Institute of Technology and the Carnegie Observatory,
The leader of a key project carried out by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, which determined that our universe is about 14 billion light. years.
Canadian scientists are the first in X-rays.
Astronomers Darryl Gaunt, with colleagues Nynka Mela and John Kerry, all began to observe with McGill University and came from Chandra.
Mine space telescope two days after the explosion
Nothing unusual.
However, in the next two weeks, Hagard's team is the first to capture X-
Ray image of the event.
Gravity-laser interferometer
Wave Observatory (LIGO)
Gravitational waves were found at the Virgo observatory on August 17, 2017.
Thousands of scientists from around the world participated in the LIGO and Virgo teams and contributed as partners
The author of their scientific paper. Two-
A dozen Canadian scientists were involved in the finding, including teams from university T and the University of Alberta.
The same is true of physicist Ken Clark at the extended Solar Neutrino Laboratory SNOLAB at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO).
On the left of McGill :(
Left to right)
Melania Neka, John Ruan and Darryl hagard from McGill University. (
McGill University of America.
On the right, Ken Clark, Sun Neutrino Observatory at Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. (SNOLAB U).
Bottom left corner of Toronto: LIGO team member, Canadian Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto (
Left to right)
: Jakumar Patel, Harar fiver, Heather Fang, Carl-
John Fast, Katerina Chatziioannou, Kumar and Aaron Zimmerman Prayush. (
Photo of Diana Tesco U).
Lower right corner of Alberta: Members of the Antarctic deep nuclear and Ice Cube neutrino detectors, including researchers from the University of Alberta. (
Photo: Chad CarpenterIceCube/NSF)
Astronomers are excited because this finding confirms two ideas that have not been proven for a long time.
First of all, it is now known that neutron pairs of collisions and explosions produce gravitational waves, which confirms an idea that was only theoretical before.
Second, it is now also known that the explosion of neutron stars from collisions will produce short gamma-Ray Bursts (SGRBs).
These universes cannot be explained before they explode.
Nuclear physicists are excited because it has now been confirmed that explosions from colliding neutron stars produce elements heavier than iron, including gold, platinum and uranium.
So far, the origin of these elements has been debated.
This finding confirms two important predictions of Einstein's general relativity, which excites cosmologists.
First, gravitational waves are now known to travel at the speed of light, as predicted.
The second is to confirm the central idea of the theory.
Gravity energy is equivalent to inertia energy.
While the idea has been confirmed based on previous observations, it proves that a few parts per billion are correct.
Einstein's theory is a blueprint that scientists use to explain the age, size and composition of our universe. Now cosmologists believe more than ever that this theory is reasonable.
"This is a physical gold mine!
Masao Sako exclaimed that he was with the University of Pennsylvania and the co-author of 10 scientific papers on the discovery.
"With GW170817, we can learn about nuclear physics, relativity, stellar evolution and cosmology in one shot.
We now know how the most important elements of the universe are created. including gold].
"The impact of gravitational wave research on science has been recognized by 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics.
GW170817 is now one of the most important astronomical breakthroughs in history.
Other important astronomical advances include the discovery of satellites orbiting Jupiter by Galileo.
The planets in our solar system run around the sun.
Sir Arthur Edington's discovery was that the light approached the sun from distant stars and bent due to the gravity of the Sun, which changed the rules of the game.
This confirms that Einstein's general theory of relativity provides a real picture of our universe.
In terms of the number of discoveries of individual astronomical events and the number of scientists involved, not to mention the number of people informed, including those reading this article, such astronomical breakthroughs have never occurred.
It is big and there will be more in the future, just bigger and bigger, and Canadians have and will continue to play an important role in this breakthrough.
More scientists have published papers in this area than any astronomical discovery in history.
The writer, based on a technical summary of 96 papers, 1,552 pages, and 8,223 authors published one to four days after the announcement on October 16, 2017, is available online in the Universe Today (
4 pages of reference).
In a distant galaxy, two neutron stars collide, explode, and release a gravitational wave of outward fluctuations shown by a blue circle (1).
After arriving at Earth, gravitational waves create infinitely small vibrations on our planet (
Display with red line)
Trigger three gravitational wave detectors (2).
Two seconds later, the light from the explosion was in the form of gamma rays.
Two gamma rays can be seen.
Ray Space Telescope (3).
Since gravitational waves and light arrive almost simultaneously after trillions of seconds, gravitational waves are now known to travel at the speed of light to a fraction of every trillion.
Only 11 hours after the initial probe, Chile's Swope Observatory took the lead in locating and photographing the glow of the explosion in the NGC 4993 galaxy (4).
Shortly after, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope captured the image on the left, showing the faint red dot left by the explosion (5). (
Graphics for Ian Steer 2017)
Even the Big Bang Theory TV series created by Chuck Lorre nodded.
In a episode aired on Thursday, November 16, look at the scene of a nearby whiteboard.
A month after the discovery was made public, millions of people saw it.
Also, are they doing the right thing? They nailed it!
"GW170817 brings a long-awaited era of diversity
According to J. , an astronomical physicist, messenger astronomy adds gravitational waves to the light studied by astronomers.
Craig Wheeler of the University of Texas at Austin
"A Supernova 1987 A, formerly discovered by Ian Shelton, A graduate student at the University of Toronto, brought neutrinos and light," Wheeler added . ".
"One day we will see all three messengers from one event.
Although GW170817 is a victory in observation astronomy, it also represents a proud moment of theory.
Without Einstein's theory in 100, LIGO could not have been built.
While observation confirms that it is essential, it is also worth noting how thoroughly theorists predict what we will see when neutron stars merge.
They got it right!
"This achievement comes from the interweaving of resources and capabilities, from small-group observers using modest aperture telescopes like SWOPE, helou concluded:" For databases and archives, represents the sublimation of the huge effort to manage data over the years, such as Ned, who is also the executive director of the California Institute of Technology's Infrared Processing and Analysis Center for Individual researchers with theoretical insight (IPAC)
Operate Ned.
"This will be seen as one of the truly revolutionary events in the field of modern astronomy and astrophysical, with Canadian researchers at the heart of its success," said Darren Grant, a physicist at the University of Alberta.
Grant is also in charge of the deep core project of the Ice Cube neutrino detector in Antarctica, and also
Wrote two papers on their collaboration with LIGO to search for neutrinos related to gw170817.
Grant summarized the role of Canada as follows.
"Particularly noteworthy is the contribution of LIGO team members from the University of Toronto and the Canadian Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, who led the ability to quickly identify LIGO events in order to provide a rapid alert to the vast astronomical community, and in multiple
Wavelength, including the wavelength of a member of the McGill team (x-rays), Toronto (
Optical and radio)
IceCube researchers in Alberta and SNOLAB (neutrinos).
Researchers in Canada and around the world will obviously benefit from this scientific progress in the coming years.