contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination - all in one solar street light
The use of solar energy to generate steam provides the basis for many sustainable seawater desalination, disinfection and process heating technologies.
Recently, people have
Absorb solar radiation and transfer energy to the cost floating structure of the water supply through heat conduction, pushing evaporation.
However, the contact between the water and the structure causes dirt and holds the steam temperature near the boiling point.
We show solar energy here.
Use a structure that is not in contact with water to drive evaporation.
The structure absorbs solar radiation and reconstructs
Radiation infrared photons, which are directly absorbed by the water inside the submarine
The penetration depth is 100 μm.
Due to the physical separation from water, dirt is completely avoided.
Due to thermal separation, the structure is no longer fixed at the boiling point, but is used for steam generated by overheating.
We produce steam at a temperature of up to 133 °c, in non-
A pressurized system that is exposed to sunlight.
The sun is a huge but untapped source of clean and renewable energy.
The potential of solar energy is not limited to direct conversion into electricity: Solar energy can be converted into other useful forms, especially heat, which can then be used to drive industrial processes, in traditional power plants, provide heating or cooling of residential space or replace fossil fuels as a heat source.
Solar energy in particular-
Driven desalination provides a potential answer to the huge challenge of providing low cost
Clean drinking water for the Earth.
The recent work has produced a variety of low
The cost solar absorber that can be deployed directly in the water body to generate steam.
Absorbing Materials from black paint and fabric historically used for solar stationary devices, to nanoparticles suspended solids, high
Porous film and Nano
Patterned material
Regardless of which material is used, a common feature of previous methods is the requirement that physical contact between the material and liquid water affect heat transfer through heat conduction.
Many solar steam applications, however, rely on contaminated water sources.
In the course of evaporation, the steam leaves the water source, leaving behind the concentrated salt and impurities that pollute and clog the absorbing structure, a problem collectively referred to as dirt.
Attempts to solve the dirt problem include daily cleaning and flushing, material recovery and recently developed anti-fouling agents
Dirt and salt
Reject structure.
While significant progress has been made, dirt remains a fundamental challenge inherent to all solar absorbers directly touching the surface of the water.
In addition, as long as the absorber is in contact with the water, the achievable steam temperature is fixed near the boiling point of the water (
100 °C at atmospheric pressure).
Typically, applications require higher temperatures, such as sterilization, in the case of steam required by hygiene safety standards of 121-135 °c to kill pathogenic microorganisms and their spores.
Before this work, it is usually necessary to pressurize to reach the boiling temperature. Point elevation.
Innovation structure developed by Zhang et al.
Reach a temperature of up to 121 °c without pressurizing, but require a solar concentration ratio of more than 20 suns (
Month sun Solar 1000 W solar m =)
Achieve this.
In this work, we present a solar evaporation structure where the solar absorber does not touch the surface of the water.
In this non-contact structure, the energy passes through
So as to avoid the problem of absorber dirt.
Unlike the sunand far-
Infrared radiation is a very effective direct absorption of water, thus acting as its own absorption.
In addition to physically decoupling the solar evaporation structure from water, the contactless structure also decoupling the absorption structure from the boiling point of water.
When the structure is no longer fixed at the boiling point, the additional heat can be transferred from the structure to the generated steam, so that it enters the overheating state from the saturated state.
By overheating, the steam temperature reaches more than 100 °c at 1-
No pressure is required under sunlight conditions.
In this case, the contactless configuration not only solves the problem of dirt, but also increases the achievable steam temperature, thus opening the door for new applications, including sterilization, high pressure sterilization, cooking and heating