integrating a redox-coupled dye-sensitized photoelectrode into a lithium–oxygen battery for photoassisted charging - solar street light lithium battery

With high theoretical energy ratio, non-
Lithium Oxygen Battery with water charging is a promising future
Energy storage technology.
However, due to the difficulty of chemical oxidation insulating the peroxide, the large charging overpotential is still a challenge.
Recently, an oxidation-reduction shuttle has been introduced in the electrolyte to chemically oxidized lithium.
Here we report the coupling of a built-in-using triiodine/iodine redox shuttle-in dye-
The oxygen electrode used for light-assisted charging of lithium-oxygen battery is sensitive to titanium dioxide photoelectric pole.
When charging under light, triiodine ions are produced on the photoelectric pole and lithium is then oxidized.
Due to the contribution of the optical voltage, the overcharge potential is greatly reduced.
The use of redox shuttle coupled photoelectric and oxygen electrodes provides a unique strategy to solve non-
Water lithium oxygen batteries are also a unique way to integrate solar cells with batteries.
All the devices are assembled in an argon gas. Box full of gloves
For Li-O Batteries: Li foil (0. 75 thick mm, 99. 9%, Alfa-Aser)
Lithium peroxide at 1 µm (LiClO, 99. 99%, Sigma-Aldrich)
Propylene carbonate (PC, 99. 7%, Sigma-Aldrich)
Used as a solution for the first three days of the anode.
A commercial P50 carbon paper (0. 25 thick mm ~ 3. 5u2009mg, AvCarb)
And use a piece of stainless steel gauze as a collector (100-mesh, 0.
Fisher-25mm thickScientific)
Is stacked and used as an oxygen electrode.
A piece of fiberglass (0.
6 thick mm, Whatman)
, A solution saturated with an electrolyte of 0.
1 licm LiClO in acetone (99. 9%, Sigma-Aldrich)
, Used as a separator.
For batteries with I/I redox shuttle, 0. 1u2009M LiI (99. 9%, Sigma-Aldrich)
Added to the electrolyte.
The battery is assembled into a Swagelok battery with O-ring sealing.
An atmosphere of high purity O was introduced on the oxygen electrode.
For solar cells, the anode and oxygen electrodes are the same as the Li-O batteries.
For photoelectric devices, TiO nanoparticles are grown on a piece of titanium gauze (80-mesh, Fisher-Scientific)
Based on the modified formula.
In short, Ti gauze (~10u2009mg)
First heat 30 min in air at 500 °c to obtain a dense TiO coating.
Then put the gauze into the aqueous solution (14u2009ml)
Titanium chloride of 225 mu l (99. 0%, Sigma-Aldrich)and 0. 7u2009ml HCl (~37%, Fisher-Scientific)
The water heating is carried out at 10 ℃ for 10 hours.
TiO nanoparticles after reaction
Wash the decorative Ti gauze with water, sintering for 30 min at 450 °c, and then use the N719 dye molecule (Solaronix).
A piece of fiberglass (0.
35mm thick, VWR)
Saturated with 1. 0u2009M LiClO/0.
Separation of oxygen electrode and optical electrode with 1 m LiI/acetone electrolyte.
The fused quartz window is O-
A ring sealed on the battery that allows lighting on the photoelectric pole.
To test the solar cells, the N719 made a sandwich battery
Platinum-sensitive TiO photoelectric electrodeCoating fluorine
The doped tin oxide glass reverse electrode and electrolyte as 4. 18u2009mM I, 0.
Lü Shuxiang and 1 u2009 M 1 LICM LiClO DME.
Test the Li-O battery using Maccor test station (model: 4304)
, Within the voltage range between 2. 0 and 4. 2u2009V (versus Li/Li)
, The discharge and charge current density change from 0. 016 to 0. 79u2009mAu2009cm.
For solar cells, the anode and oxygen electrodes are connected to the external circuit to discharge, while the anode and photoelectric electrodes are connected to the external circuit when charging. A small-area class-
B. Solar Simulator (PV measurement)
Used to obtain a 1. 5 Sun AM 1.
5 lighting for solar cells and solar cells testing.
The CV study of I/I redox pair is in three-
Electrode configuration, working electrode with glass carbon (3u2009mm diameter)
, Platinum wire counter electrode and Ag/Ag non
Water reference electrode (
Content of 10mm AgNO from CHI, Inc in methanol).
The electrolyte is a solution of 1 licm LiClO and 5 u2009 mM I in acetone.
During the CV test, both ar and oxygen gas are saturated in the electrolyte.
Scan rate is 10 ms.
After the battery and solar cell tests, these devices are disassembled in the glovebox.
Clean the oxygen electrode with 1,2-
Dimethoxyl ethane (Novolyte Tech)
Electrolyte was collected.
Collect the Raman spectrum of the discharge and charge carbon paper oxygen electrode on the microscope Raman spectrometer (Renishaw)with a 633-
Excitation wavelength of Nm (
Laser Power: 6 mw), using an air-
Sensitive sample holder with fused quartz optical window.
Total Reflection ratio of attenuation-
The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the discharge and charge carbon paper oxygen electrode is collected at the front edge FT-
Infrared/FIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer)
There's a diamond window.
An XPS analysis of the electrode was performed on the Kratos Axis Super XPS with monochrome Al X-
A line source with a working voltage of 12 kV and a current of 10 kV.
Protect all XPS samples from ambient atmosphere using air
Tight sample transfer module.
Scanning electron microscope (
Field emission SEM)
Used to obtain the morphology of the TiO nano-structure of the photoelectric pole and the discharge product on the oxygen electrode. The X-
X-ray diffraction (
Copper tik, Rigaku, Inc. )
It is used to determine the crystal phase of TiO nanoparticles and the discharge products on the oxygen electrode.
For the quantitative analysis of LiO quantity, first of all, by comparing different amounts of hydrogen peroxide with 2 ml ~ 15% titanium wt (IV)oxysulfate (TiOSO)/Sulfuric acid (HSO)solution (99. 99%, Sigma-Aldrich)(
Over LiO 100)
And measure the absorbance of the formed [TiO]
Under UV irradiation at 405 nmvisible (UV–vis)
Spectra on λ 950 UV/Vis/NR spectrometer (PerkinElmer).
Two parallel solar cells with the same capacity were then assembled and discharged.
Remove one of them in the glovebox and react with the carbon paper oxygen electrode with a 2 ml Tiso/HSO solution.
The amount of LiO was determined by UV-vis spectrum.
Another solar cell is charged under light.
60 μ mol electrons pass through.
After charging, the oxygen electrode also reacts with the 2 µml Tiso/HSO solution and the remaining LiO amount is determined by UV-vis spectrum.