lithium anode stable in air for low-cost fabrication of a dendrite-free lithium battery - lithium ion rechargeable battery
Lithium metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries and is inherently limited due to its sensitivity to humid atmosphere and shoot growth. Herein, low-
Cost of metal manufacturing
Lithium anode stable in the air and crystal plating-
No organic food
Liquid electrolyte solves the problem-scale Li-
Ion batteries for storing electricity.
Low replacement
Capacity carbon anode with safe shoot-Crystal-
Free lithium anode provides fast charging while reducing the manufacturing cost of lithium batteries and eliminating liquid-
Ethylene-electrolyte
Carbonated additives used to form solids
An inter-electrolyte interface layer on an unstable anode during circulation.
This solution is achieved by forming a hydrophobic solid.
Electrolyte interface on metal
Lithium anode, allowing the treatment of treated lithium anode film in a standard drying room during battery manufacturing. The organic-
Liquid electrolyte of lithium
Ion batteries are flammable and lithium plated
The metal anode of the liquid electrolyte is plagued by the growth of the shoot crystal and through the electrolyte during the charging process, resulting in internal short circuit and combustion consequences. The carbon-
The main anode capacity used to avoid lithium metal is low by Lithium (Li)
Metal if charging is too fast.
In addition, organic-
The lowest gap in electronic energy of liquid electrolyte --
Does not occupy molecular orbit (LUMO)
The highest-
Occupy molecular orbit (HOMO), u2009=u2009(LUMO–HOMO)
It does not match the fermilion level of the anode, and the LUMO is about 1.
2 ev is lower than the Fermi level of lithium carbon, which makes the solid-
Electrolyte interface (SEI)that is a Li-
Ion conductor between anode and electrolyte.
The Li of Ei is provided by the cathode, which reduces the capacity of the battery.
In addition, during the cycle, SEI will form and dissolve, exposing a fresh anode surface to further form the SEI, limiting the cycle life of the battery.
Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to introduce a method in the anode/electrolyte interface that can be applied to the metal-
Li anode, also allowed from organic-
Liquid electrolyte without SEI-
Molding additives.
During fast charging, the artificial ei should be a solid electrolyte whose conduction bond is at the bottom much higher than the fermilion level of the lithium anode to ensure the plating/stripping of the branch Crystalfree Li-
Metal anode with long cycle life.
The metal Li reacts strongly with moisture, therefore, high
Cost dry room of relative humidity (RH)
1% for Li-
Metal extrusion and assembly of batteries with Li-metal anode.
The use of a hydrophobic iron wet by lithium metal will reduce the manufacturing cost.
It has been proved that Zhijing-
Alkaline plating-
The metal anode can be obtained from the solid electrolyte, in which the alkaline metal and (wets)
Solid Electrolyte;
The strong binding between the anode and the solid electrolyte limits the change of the anode volume during the charge/discharge cycle perpendicular to the anode/electrolyte interface; this one-
Through the unit design, it can accommodate the change of size and volume.
One can be applied to Li-
The metal anode will form a protective Li-
Metal anode exposed to wet atmosphere;
The composite anode film can then be used in batteries assembled in ambient air, thus reducing the cost of battery assembly.
Reversible stripping/plating of metal
The Li anode will appear inside the closed battery to increase the storage power density of a given cathode.
Here we use graphite fluorine (GF)
To present this concept in a complete coin and round battery with a lifpo cathode, an organic liquid-
Carbonate or solid polymer Li electrolyte, and a composite Li anode containing a protective layer consisting of lithium fluoride (LiF)and GF.
The composite material obtained (
Indicated as GF-lf-li)enables long-
Long-term stability in ambient air and prevent fresh Li metal from contacting organic solvents in electrolyte during circulation, which can effectively stabilize the interface of working anode.
Therefore, the GF-lf-li anode has a safety and shoot-Crystal-
In the Li Peel/plating experiment, the long cycle life of the free cycle with the current density from 1 to 10 ma.
In addition, the GF-life-li composite also showed excellent performance after being exposed to a humid atmosphere of 20-35% RH for more than 24 hours, providing a comparable ratio to fresh Li
Metal anode not exposed to air.