locating and sizing energy storage systems for distribution feeder expansion planning - electrical energy storage systems

This paper presents a mixed integer programming (MIP)
Develop a grid expansion planning model considering the location, scale and operation of the energy storage system (ESS)
And additional circuits.
This model includes constraints managing the ramp rate of the generator, ESS charge/discharge rate, and power loss transmitted in storage, storage, and storage.
Two new test networks based on representative branch classification identified by the national branch classification study are used to demonstrate the use of the model and define procedures for creating other such test systems.
We found that ESS is usually omitted in the expansion plan because the cost of installing a new circuit is currently lower than the cost of energy storage at the power distribution scale.