the battery store how to build a homemade solar panel - the battery - diy

How to make solar panels-The battery "carries" a reversible chemical reaction that stores electrical energy and can recover electrical energy later when needed.When the battery is charged, the electric energy is converted into chemical energy, and the opposite happens when the battery is discharged.Series arrangement.Lead-acid batteries consist of two submerged lead electrodes in an electrolytic solution of water and sulfuric acid.
Depending on the instantaneous value of the battery's charging state, a potential difference of about 2 volts occurs between the electrodes.The nominal voltage of the most common batteries in photovoltaic solar applications is 12 or 24 volts.Therefore, the 12 v battery contains 6 Series batteries.
The battery has two important purposes in the photovoltaic system: when the solar panel array does not provide energy, it provides power to the system, and when the energy exceeds the load, the excess energy generated by the storage panel.Depending on the presence or absence of sunlight, the battery goes through a cycle of charging and discharging.In the hours when there is a sun, the panel array generates electrical energy.
There is no immediate energy consumed to charge the battery.In the absence of the Sun, the battery supplies any electricity demand, thus discharging.Whenever the energy generated by the panel does not match the energy required to support the load, these charging and discharge cycles occur.
The battery charges when the sun is plentiful and the load is light.Obviously, the battery is discharged at night whenever any power is needed.When the irradiance is not enough to meet the load requirements (due to natural changes in climate conditions, clouds, dust, etc.
), the battery also discharges.
If the battery does not store enough energy to meet the demand without the sun, the system will run out and cannot be used.On the other hand, overadjusting the system (adding too many panels and batteries) is expensive and inefficient.When designing the bracket-Separate systems, we need to reach a compromise between component cost and system power availability.
.As far as the telecom system is concerned, the number of autonomous days depends on its key functions in network design.If the device will be used as a repeater and is part of the backbone of the network, you may want to design autonomy up to 5-7 days.On the other hand, if the solar system is responsible for providing energy to the customer's equipment, you may reduce the number of autonomous days to two or three days.
This value may need to be added more in areas with low irradiance.In any case, you must find the right balance between cost and reliability.There are many different battery technologies that are used in a variety of different applications.
, Designed to have a fixed position and is suitable for scenarios where power consumption is more or less irregular."Fixed" batteries can hold deep discharge cycles, but they are not designed to produce high current in a short period of time.Alkaline electrolyte can be used for fixed batteries (such as nickel-Cadmium) or acidic (such as lead-Acid).
Fixed battery based on nickelIt is recommended to use cadmium because of its high reliability and resistance as much as possible.Unfortunately, they tend to be much more expensive than sealed lead, and hard to get --acid batteries.In many cases, when it is difficult to find local, good, cheap fixed batteries (imported batteries are not cheap), you will be forced to use batteries targeted at the car market.
Car batteries are not very suitable for photovoltaic applications because they are designed to provide a lot of current in a few seconds (when starting the engine) rather than maintaining low current for a long time.) When used in photovoltaic systems, the effective life is shortened.Traction batteries can be used in small applications where low cost is the most important consideration, or when other batteries are not available.
The traction battery is designed for vehicles and electric trolleys.They are cheaper than fixed batteries and can be used in photovoltaic equipment, although they require very frequent maintenance.These batteries should never be discharged in depth, as doing so greatly reduces their charging capacity.
The total capacity of the truck battery shall not exceed 70%.This means you can only use up to 30% of your leadsThe nominal capacity before the acid battery must be charged.You can extend the life of lead.Acid batteries using distilled water.By using a density meter or a specific weight meter, you can measure the density of the battery electrolyte.
The typical battery ratio is 1.
28.
Add distilled water to reduce the density to 1.2 can help reduce the corrosion of the anode and reduce the overall capacity of the battery.Use distilled water because tap water or tap water can permanently damage the battery.